DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17558223
VOLUME 2, NOVEMBER ISSUE 9
Tasawar Iqbal*, Nadeem Ahmed, Saqlain Mushtaq, Muhammad Mueen Akhter, Ameer Hamza, Ahmad Raza Javed, Muhammad Talha Taj, Adnan Habib, Umar Farooq Ahmad, Zulqarnain Haider
ABSTRACT
The Changa Manga Forest is located in Punjab, within the Chunian Tehsil of the Kasur District, Pakistan, stands as one of the world’s oldest and largest hand-planted forests, established in 1866 during the British colonial era to supply fuelwood for railway operations. Over time, it has evolved into a unique ecological landscape that supports rich biodiversity and provides critical ecosystem services in an otherwise human-dominated region. This review aims to assess the biodiversity status, ecological significance, and conservation challenges of the Changa Manga Forest by synthesizing available literature from scientific databases, government reports, and environmental surveys published between 1980 and 2025. The review systematically compiles data on floral and faunal diversity, forest composition, and ecosystem functions, with emphasis on dominant species, regeneration dynamics, and wildlife conservation value. Findings reveal substantial species richness across various taxa, including over 50 tree species, numerous avian populations, and significant invertebrate diversity. However, the forest faces threats from anthropogenic pressures, habitat fragmentation, invasive species, and climate change. Despite restoration and management interventions, ecological degradation remains a concern. The study concludes that Changa Manga serves as a vital biodiversity refuge and a model for sustainable reforestation. Strengthened conservation strategies, community engagement, and continuous monitoring are recommended to maintain its ecological integrity and long-term sustainability.
Keywords:
Changa Manga; Hand-Planted Forest; Biodiversity; Pakistan; Ecosystem Services; Forest Management; Conservation; Reforestation; Kasur District; Chunian Tehsil; Animals; Birds.
