CONVERSION FROM LAPAROSCOPIC TO OPEN CHOLECYSTECTOMY IN ACUTE CALCULUS CHOLECYSTITIS: REVIEW ARTICLE

Kumar H.R. (MBBS, MS)*

ABSTRACT

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is considered the gold standard operation for the management of acute calculus cholecystitis. Still, conversion to an open cholecystectomy is required in certain cases to avoid bile duct injury. The risk factors for conversion include male sex, patients who are older than 65 years, obesity, and comorbidities like diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Acute cholecystitis is also an important risk factor, with patients with Tokyo Guidelines grade 3 being associated with a higher risk of conversion. Blood investigations, such as elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) and leukocytosis, are common indices that can predict the risk of conversion to an open cholecystectomy, and ultrasonography will reveal thickening of the gallbladder wall and the presence of pericholecystic fluid collection. In this review, we will investigate the risk factors for the conversion from laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy and the role it plays in the management of acute calculus cholecystitis.

Keywords:

“Acute calculus cholecystitis”,” Laparoscopic cholecystectomy”,” Open cholecystectomy”,” Conversion”,” Complications”, and “Tokyo Guidelines.”

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